VIEW A
SAMPLE REPORT

The watertightness of a roofing system is dependent on the proper installation of the roofing material and underlayment, its physical condition, and the proper function of all flashings (metal or other membrane installed at protrusions through the roof, such as vent pipes, skylights and valleys). While general roofing conditions were reported, this report is not a guarantee the roof is or will be watertight or leak free.

The evaluation of a roof is primarily a visual assessment based on general roofing appearances. The verification of actual roofing materials, installation methods or roof age is generally not possible. Conditions such as hail damage or the lack of underlayment may not be readily detectible and may result in latent concerns. If the inspection was restricted to viewing from the ground and/or was affected by weather conditions or other limitations, a roofer's assessment would be advisable, particularly if the roofing is old or age is unknown.

Ice/snow accumulation at the roof edge can cause leaks and consequential damage. The occurrence of ice dams is usually unpredictable and may only occur with certain roof designs or weather conditions.

Manufacturers typically specify the use of a roof underlayment (base). In some areas, however, roofing may be installed without the use of an underlayment due to local practice or for other reasons. Its absence does not necessarily affect the service life of the roofing; however, the lack of an underlayment means there is no secondary barrier should water or ice backup occur, or if the roofing itself is damaged or missing.

Initial or recurring roof leakage is often due to inadequate or damaged flashing. All flashings should be checked periodically or if leakage occurs repair or seal as needed.

The generally accepted approach to minimizing ice dam concerns and/or backup at eaves is to provide adequate attic ventilation and insulation and eave protection, either a special membrane or flashing. Eave protection should always be used in cold climates prone to ice dam problems. Eave barriers should be placed under the roofing at the eave areas and extend a suitable distance up the roof and inside the exterior wall line. The presence and effectiveness of eave protection cannot be observed in most completed installations.

Unless otherwise noted, the assessment of gutter and downspout conditions are limited to their physical/material condition. The adequacy of water flow under normal rainfall or storm conditions cannot be determined during a standard inspection.  All gutters and downspouts must be checked and cleaned on a regular basis; any build-up or blockage, including that in underground lines can lead to overflow, leakage, and other detrimental conditions that could result in water intrusion or otherwise affect the structure or foundation.

Conditions such as light surface mildew (fungus) buildup on the roofing, slight granule loss, uneven/irregular coloring, (shingle shading), and similar relatively superficial conditions generally do not affect roof function. Maintain/ repair as desired. Heavy mildew/fungus buildup may indicate a ventilation concern and/or lead to more serious concerns related to mould.

Conditions such as hail damage, manufacturing defects, or the lack of roof underlayment or proper nailing methods are not readily detectible during a home inspection, but may result in latent concerns. Hail can damage a roof in imperceptible ways; the evidence or extent of damage may not become apparent until some time in the future. If hail damage has occurred, as the roof ages it may loose granules prematurely or exhibit other signs of wear/damage. Not all roofs affected by hail need to be replaced; however, the service life of the roofing may be less than the typical design life; recommend questioning the home owner and/or local building officials for information on any known storms that may have passed through and adversely affected the roof. Address insurance coverage issues as well. Recommend obtaining a roofer's opinion if hail damage is suspected.

The flashing/boot seal at plumbing vents are prone to leakage. All vent pipe flashings should be checked periodically and should be repaired and/or sealed as needed. Vent stacks must have adequate clearance from windows and other roof or wall openings or vents. Extending the vent may prevent detrimental conditions.

Chimney and vent evaluations are based on external conditions only. Internal conditions, design, and venting adequacy were not evaluated unless specifically indicated. A periodic check of all chimneys/vents is advisable as a precautionary measure. A chimney sweep is often qualified to assess/maintain chimney/vent interiors.

The type of limited visual inspection of chimneys, vents, fireplaces and stoves performed as part of a home inspection does not include the in-depth evaluations that professional chimney and fireplace inspectors and technicians generally must conduct to comply with current code requirements and/or identify concealed conditions and deficiencies. These inspection requirements may include three types of inspections - Level I through Level III - with a Level III inspection being the most technically exhaustive. If such inspections are desired or locally required, they must be performed by a qualified chimney inspector or WETT technician.

This inspection does not include evaluation of ancillary components or systems such as lightning protection, antennas, solar panels, site lighting, security systems, patio covers or other similar exterior roof or exterior elements.

The need for gutters and downspouts will vary with house/roof design, locale and surface drainage conditions.  All gutters should be checked for damage, blockage, or overflow on a regular basis. Overflow may cause water penetration and/or damage to roof sheathing fascia, soffits, etc. Gutter guards may help in cases where leaves and other debris routinely accumulate in a short period of time. If not present, consider the benefits to be gained from proper control of roof run-off and diversion away from foundation.

All gutters should be checked for damage, blockage, or overflow on a regular basis. Overflow may cause water penetration and/or damage to roof sheathing fascia, soffits, etc. Gutter guards may help in cases where leaves and other debris routinely accumulate in a short period of time.

To minimize water ponding at the foundation and the potential for interior water penetration, downspout extensions or splash blocks should be utilized at the termination points of all downspouts/roof drains. Maintain a positive slope away from the house and discharge downspouts a reasonable distance away from the foundation.

Exterior stairs, rails, porches, etc., require regular maintenance to prevent damage or hazardous conditions. If rails are not present on any stairs or elevated structure, it is recommended they be added for improved safety. Do not overload a deck with too many people.

Storms, screens, safety glazing, locks and other attachments are generally not inspected unless otherwise noted. Comments on storms generally are limited to surface conditions; function and operation are not evaluated. An inventory of storms/screens should be taken to confirm desired coverage exists and/or storage locations.

Replacement of insulated glass windows or doors is usually required to correct failed or defective vacuum seals. Fortunately, the insulation value is usually not significantly reduced. Replacement time frame may be discretionary; however, conditions will gradually worsen with time.

The trim/siding joint above windows and doors and at horizontal trim must be kept well sealed to minimize leakage or decay. If drip caps or suitable flashings do not exist, they should be added or regular caulking/sealing will be required. Hidden damage may exist if prior leakage occurred.

Due to weathering factors and the potential hazards of exterior wiring, precaution must be used for the installation and maintenance of electrical components. Any damaged components should be corrected immediately. Recommend adding Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (GFCI) protection if not present.

An inventory of storms/screens should be taken to confirm desired coverage exists and/or storage locations. Any loose, damaged or missing storms or screens should be repaired as desired, or if health concerns or other hazards exist.

While informational comments may be made related to the condition of certain site elements, the primary intent of inspection of any site element is limited to evaluation relative to its effect on the building.

This report does not include evaluation of any soils or geological conditions/concerns. Construction on certain soils, particularly expansive clays, fill soils, hillside and waterfront areas, necessitate special design consideration. Evaluation of these factors, or the need for them, is beyond the scope of this inspection. Pertinent information should be obtained from local officials and/or a qualified specialist prior to closing, particularly if any concerns are detected or if home is in a detrimental soils area.

Any grading deficiencies should be corrected. Suitable drainage and ground cover should be added if needed to prevent further concerns. Maintaining grading and lot drainage are considered regular maintenance items.

To reduce the amount of water run-off or possibility of water penetration and/or structural concerns, provide proper contouring (grading) along the foundation and where needed on the site. Houses on hills or in low-lying areas will be prone to drainage concerns. Improper/inadequate grading and/or drainage can cause/contribute to foundation movement and/or failure. Deficiencies must be corrected to prevent problems.

Neither the condition nor adequacy of any underground piping or site drainage systems can be determined as part of a standard home inspection. All drains must be regularly cleared and maintained in order to ensure adequate water run-off and discharge to reduce the potential for water infiltration and damage. Any depressions or negatively graded areas should be corrected/improved to help direct any roof or surface run-off away from the foundation. Maintenance of a suitable ground cover is also advised. Improper/inadequate grading and/or drainage can cause/contribute to foundation movement and/or failure. Deficiencies must be corrected to prevent problems. Periodic re-grading may be required.

All improved surfaces such as patios, walks and driveways should be constructed and maintained so that they slope away from the foundation. Mud jacking and/or sealing may be adequate to correct minor drainage concerns; however, replacement may be required for proper correction in some cases.

The significance of spalling and/or cracking of concrete or other surfaces will depend on the location of the damage and its severity. In some cases, function may not be affected and minor repair or surface sealing may minimize further deterioration. Replacement of affected areas may be required if there is any significant displacement or damage.  Maintain as required or correct to eliminate any trip hazard that may exist or develop.

Soils such as expansive clays may require regular maintenance programs to ensure stable soil moisture levels and minimize movement of any structural component. If fill was used, the soil may continue to compact over time and affect the structure

The inspection of fencing, site walls, and sheds is not included in the scope of a standard home inspection. Wood components are prone to decay and insect damage. Advise a check of these elements for current conditions and assurance of personal acceptability.

The site vegetation and landscaping should be maintained to prevent damage to the structure. Carefully remove any overgrowth to check for damage.

A standard inspection does not include evaluation of elements such as site lighting, irrigation systems, barbecues, sheds, outbuildings, fencing, privacy walls, docks, seawalls, pools, spas and other recreational or site elements. Evaluation of these elements prior to closing would be advisable.

The evaluation of a roof is primarily a visual assessment based on general roofing appearances. The verification of actual roofing materials, installation methods or roof age is generally not possible. Conditions such as hail damage or the lack of underlayment may not be readily detectible and may result in latent concerns. If the inspection was restricted to viewing from the ground and/or was affected by weather conditions or other limitations, a roofer's assessment would be advisable, particularly if the roofing is old or age is unknown.

The inspection of any door operator is limited to a check of operation utilizing hard-wired controls. Remote devices and control sensitivity are not part of a standard home inspection. Controls should be mounted a safe distance above the floor and remote control should be secured from use by children. In order to prevent personal injury or equipment damage. Automatic door operators should stop and retract the door upon meeting reasonable resistance. This function should be checked on a regular basis and adjusted/corrected as needed. If the automatic door operator unit does not have retraction capabilities or doors not retract the door properly, it should be inspected by a qualified door specialist and repaired or upgraded as needed prior to use.

More than many other areas of a house, garages tend to contain storage and other items that restrict the ability to observe the structure and other components. Any noted limitation may be in addition to normal restrictions. Recommend all obstructed areas be inspected when clear.

All wiring should be secured, enclosed and generally protected from physical damage, particularly at the lower areas. Extension cord use should be limited to servicing portable tools/items. Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (GFCIs) are generally advised (if not required) for general garage circuits.

An energy assessment or audit is outside the scope of the standard home inspection. Any comments on amounts and/or materials are for general informational purposes only and were not verified. Some insulations may contain or release potentially hazardous materials; avoid disturbing. Wall insulation is not readily visible. Pre-1980s homes are more likely to have been constructed with insulation levels significantly below present day standards.

Attic heat and moisture levels and ventilation adequacies are subject to change. Monitor for any significant buildup or changes and correct cause and/or improve ventilation as warranted. The presence and coverage adequacy of vapor retarders (barriers) cannot be confirmed in many cases.

Adequate vent provisions must be provided for all attic areas to prevent excessive heat/ moisture buildup and consequential concerns such as roof or sheathing failure.

Suitable clearances from combustible materials must be maintained between vents and chimneys. Excess gaps can be covered with metal or other non-combustible materials; however, the required air gap/clearance must be maintained.

Bathrooms are high use areas with many components subject to periodic malfunction, particularly those related to the plumbing system. Normal usage could not be simulated during the inspection; therefore, anticipate the possibility of leakage or other concerns developing with normal usage/aging or as latent conditions are discovered with removal of carpeting, tile, shower pans, etc. The function and watertightness of fixture overflows or other internal fixture components generally cannot be assessed. The watertightness of all tile, enclosures, and other surfaces must be maintained on a regular basis.

The hot-water supply to all fixtures should be maintained at a safe temperature at all times.  Water temperatures in excess of 120° F (49° C) generally represent a scalding hazard for most peoples; however, children and some adults are at risk of injury at even lower temperatures.

Assessments of toilets are based on visual operation only. No evaluation as to toilets' ability to properly dispose of waste is performed as part of a standard home inspection.

A regular maintenance routine for the caulking/grouting work is required to maintain watertightness of tilework and tub/shower enclosures. Check for substrate damage when surface damage or leakage is present.

Overflow drains are prone to leakage and concealed by design, therefore assessment is not possible during a standard home inspection.

Bathrooms are high use areas with many components subject to periodic malfunction, particularly those related to the plumbing system. Normal usage could not be simulated during the inspection; therefore, anticipate the possibility of leakage or other concerns developing with normal usage/aging or as latent conditions are discovered with removal of carpeting, tile, shower pans, etc. The function and watertightness of fixture overflows or other internal fixture components generally cannot be assessed. The watertightness of all tile, enclosures, and other surfaces must be maintained on a regular basis.

The hot-water supply to all fixtures should be maintained at a safe temperature at all times.  Water temperatures in excess of 120° F (49° C) generally represent a scalding hazard for most peoples; however, children and some adults are at risk of injury at even lower temperatures.

Assessments of toilets are based on visual operation only. No evaluation as to toilets' ability to properly dispose of waste is performed as part of a standard home inspection.

A regular maintenance routine for the caulking/grouting work is required to maintain watertightness of tilework and tub/shower enclosures. Check for substrate damage when surface damage or leakage is present.

Overflow drains are prone to leakage and concealed by design, therefore assessment is not possible during a standard home inspection.

A standard home inspection do not include evaluation of the adequacy or capacity of any utility or utility connections or compliance with code or manufacturer requirements. Upgrades to water, waste, gas or electric lines may be required to meet specifications of any particular appliance; especially when a new or larger capacity appliance is added.

Cooking adequacies, anti-tip features, self-cleaning cycles and other accessories are not evaluated as part of a home inspection. While the proper tip over protection cannot be verified during a home inspection, all units should be checked to confirm manufacturer recommended tip-protection has been installed as a precautionary measure.

Inspection of cabinetry is limited to a check of a representative number of readily visible components for any major damage or installation defects. Cabinets and countertops are subject to wear and abuse. All cabinets and surfaces should be checked when clear of storage or obstructions.

All free standing ranges should have an anti-tip bracket installed per the per manufacturer's instructions for improved safety.

The feasibility of faucet repair will decrease with use/age. Sediment/debris trapped in the aerator can restrict flow; clean aerators periodically. Faucet and/or sink replacement due to surface wear/cosmetic factors would be a discretionary matter.

Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (GFCIs) are required in the kitchens of most newer houses; they are a recommended safety improvement for older houses. Due to the high hazard potential of electric components in the kitchen area, any identified concern should be addressed immediately. While a defective GFCI receptacle may still allow electricity to flow to the receptacle (and appliance), if the field test indicated any actual or suspected malfunction of a GFCI it should be corrected.

Due to the presence of cooking and washing equipment that can generate excess moisture, and in the case of gas cooking appliances which can discharge possible contaminants into the air, adequate kitchen area venting is required (window and/or mechanical vent). If not already present, exhaust air ventilators that discharge directly to the exterior should be considered.

Any assessment of an installed dishwasher is limited to a single rinse cycle operation of the motor/pump and visual check of readily accessible components. Dishwashing/cleaning adequacy and soap dispenser function were not evaluated. This is a high maintenance item. Seal leaks may develop after vacancy or other inactive periods.

A standard home inspection does not include evaluating the adequacy of any existing security or safety system. Occupants should perform his/her own assessment of the systems installed and those that may be desired and/or required. A qualified specialist can also perform such an evaluation if desired. Smoke/Fire detection systems and fire extinguishers are generally recommended for all homes, and may be required in some areas.
The inspection of smoke/carbon monoxide detectors is limited to the observation of general unit location only. Since these units are subject to subsequent removal or relocation, as well as the removal or failure of batteries or malfunction for various reasons, it is recommend to confirm operation and placement acceptability at the time of occupancy, and regularly thereafter (twice annually).  It is generally recommended that at least one smoke/carbon monoxide detector be placed on each floor level and in each sleeping area. Hard wired units are now often required. No determination was made as to whether units are hard wired or properly interconnected as part of a standard home inspection.
Carbon monoxide detectors are recommended for any home within 5m (16 ft.) of bedrooms and in the same room as a wood burning fireplace or appliance.
Most detectors have a finite service life and typically need replacement every 5 to 10 years, per the manufacturer's recommendations.  Unless documentation is available on the age of detectors recommend replacing all detectors prior to occupancy.

Windows and door evaluations are based on a random sampling of a representative number of units. All units should be checked by the buyer for possible operational concerns or other deficiencies. Unless noted, presence of safety glazing at windows/doors is not evaluated.

Insulated (double or triple glaze) windows and doors are subject to hard-to-detect failure of the airtight seal between panes. This failure can result in moisture and/or staining of the unit that can vary seasonally and increase with time. While actual/suspect seal failure may be noted, it is not within the scope of a standard inspection to assess the seal integrity of these type units. A pre-closing check of all units when house is clear of drapes, window coverings, etc. and the view of the windows is unobstructed is advised. Replacement of insulated glass windows or doors is usually required to correct failed or defective vacuum seals. Fortunately, the insulation value is usually not significantly reduced. Replacement time frame may be discretionary; however, conditions will gradually worsen with time.

Moisture/condensation conditions can have numerous causes including those related to: mechanical equipment; venting; bath; laundry and kitchen venting; attic and/or crawlspace ventilation. Consideration should also be given to the presence of an adequate vapor retarder and insulation when investigating possible concerns.

Evaluation of wall, ceiling or floor components is generally limited to readily visible structural conditions. Aesthetic or cosmetic factors, (e.g., paint, wallpaper) or the condition of finish materials or coverings are not considered unless specifically noted. Furthermore, it is not possible to determine the wall insulation, type or condition of surfaces or hidden structural concerns that may exist under floor cover, carpeting, paneling, drop ceilings, etc. If the type flooring is a concern, it should be confirmed before closing.

No determination was made regarding any damage and/or lingering odors/waste that may exist from pest infestation or household pet activity, unless specifically noted. Such conditions may not surface or become apparent for some time or until carpeting or other obstructions are removed. If pets have been kept in the house, there are likely some resultant conditions or residue.

The inspection of major structural elements is limited to an assessment of a representative portion of the readily accessible visual components. Design and adequacy factors are not considered. Insulation is not normally moved/disturbed; hidden or latent concerns cannot be identified. Any obstructed area or areas where evaluation was otherwise prevented should be inspected when limiting conditions are removed.

Inspection of structural components and other house elements may be restricted by the presence of finished surfaces and materials. No assessments is made of the suitability of renovations or finish work. Local building officials should be contracted to verify compliance with permit and inspection requirements, including fire safety, egress, and clearance issues.

Assessment of the presence of a vapor retarder (barrier) is often restricted by insulation or finish materials. In colder climates, a retarder is critical and should be provided between the house and unconditioned areas such as the attic. If not installed or installed improperly, it should be corrected or conditions monitored for moisture concerns.

Providing/maintaining adequate foundation grading is always critical to minimize detrimental conditions. Improper/inadequate grading and/or drainage can cause/contribute to foundation movement and/or failure. Deficiencies must be corrected to prevent problems. Significant foundation movement is usually indicative of a structural concern. Whether an older or ongoing condition, evaluation by a qualified specialist is generally advised, if only as a precautionary measure. If the movement is lateral (horizontal cracking) or in some way has affected other structural components, remedial measures will usually be required.

Most houses have the potential for surface or subsurface water penetration. Regardless of any specific report comments, it would be prudent in all cases to discuss local conditions and concerns with the present owner and local authorities. Any comments made in this report are based on evidence/indication present at the time of inspection only. It is not possible to accurately determine the extent of past conditions or to predict future concerns. If there are indications of prior remedial work intended to reduce water penetration concerns, documentation should be obtained from the owner and/or installer. Experience indicates that the majority of water penetration concerns are due to a combination of factors commonly related to inadequate foundation grading and drainage provisions. In many situations, relatively straightforward measures may have a direct effect on the condition; in other cases, the remedy may be more complex or impossible to achieve. Any specific recommendations in the report should be considered; however, be aware that they do not necessarily represent a complete or permanent solution to the condition.

Providing an adequate roof drainage system, diverting all downspouts away from the foundation and providing adequate soil grading and ground cover at the foundation and throughout the site are primary remedial factors to consider for any water penetration concerns. Improper/inadequate grading and/or drainage can cause/contribute to foundation movement and/or failure. Deficiencies must be corrected to prevent problems.

Any drainage system that may have been installed with the original construction or added at a later date should help minimize water seepage concerns. These systems, however, can collapse, become clogged, or be overburdened; consequently, monitoring of conditions and a periodic check of flow is advised.

The termination point or function of any floor drains is not determinable within the scope of a home inspection. Any drains connected to the sanitary sewer system should have a permanent seal/cap. Floor drains are subject to backup and overflow.

GFCIs are designed to improve personal safety and are recommended for all houses. Regular testing of GFCIs is required to ensure proper operation and protection. In most areas GFCIs have only been required on certain circuits since the mid-1970s. It is recommended that GFCIs be installed in all high hazard areas (e.g., kitchens, bathrooms, garages and exteriors).

No determination was made of individual circuit distribution or accuracy of any circuit labeling. Recommend tracing and labeling, or confirm correct labeling, of all circuits.

Due to house design, aside from electric devices and fixtures visible within the house, many electric system components are concealed and therefore could not be inspected.  While it may be difficult to fully assess electric system conditions without opening walls or other destructive measures, an inspection and evaluation by a licensed electrician is recommended as a precautionary measure.

Light fixtures, ceiling fans, etc., are generally randomly checked to assess basic wiring conditions. Any inoperative unit may be due to a defective fixture or bulb, connection to undetected switch or other factors.

Many areas required the installation of a safety device, known as an Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (AFCI's), in new construction. The purpose of an AFCI is to reduce fire hazards associated with frayed wires and electric arcing, particularly in areas such as living rooms and bedrooms were corded fixtures are used. AFCI's are not be evaluated as part of a standard home inspection. If present, AFCI devices should be checked periodically. If not present consider upgrading for safety. Should an AFCI "trip," it should be left in the "tripped" or "off" position, and arrangements should be made to have the circuit in question checked by a licensed electrician.

Product notices or advisories are periodically issued for certain electric equipment due to inherent defects or latent concerns. For further information related to product defects and possible recalls please visit CSA International's website at http://www.csa-international.org/product_recalls/search/ or The Consumer Product Safety Commission's website at http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prerel.html

The heart of a furnace is a metal chamber referred to as a heat exchanger. All or most areas of this exchanger are not readily accessible or visible to a home inspector. Therefore, assessment of a furnace is limited to external and operational conditions. The older the unit, the greater the probability of failure. A thorough inspection by a qualified HVAC contractor is advised for full evaluation of heat exchanger conditions, particularly if the unit is beyond 5+ years old or any wear is exhibited. Check filters monthly; replace/clean as needed.

Add-on components or systems (electronic air cleaners, humidifiers, water treatment systems, etc.) are not evaluated unless specifically indicated.

Humidifiers are high maintenance items and require regular cleaning and servicing. They are beneficial for maintaining indoor humidity at a comfortable level; however, presence of a humidifier may adversely affect the life of a furnace. Evaluation of humidifiers is not included in a home inspection.

All fuel-burning units require adequate air supply for proper combustion and to prevent backdrafting concerns at this or other units. Combustion air may be supplied by room air, room vents or direct ducting from the exterior.

Servicing or repair of the heating system normally must be done by a qualified service company; most utility companies only service/handle gas supply concerns.

Missing or clogged filters can affect system operation and possibly reduce the service life of the unit. Replace/clean filters as needed. Ductwork/blower cleaning may also be required periodically, particularly if the unit was operated without a filter.

Inspection of any thermostat condition is limited to its physical condition, mounting methods, and basic response to set point adjustment for cooling system operation. No evaluation is made of calibration accuracy, response time, effectiveness, or the function of each and every feature or components. Consult with the owner or current occupants on operation, and confirm proper operation of system.

All venting systems must be maintained to ensure an adequate draft. Any indication of a potential concern requires immediate attention as health/safety hazards may exist, including the introduction of carbon monoxide into the house air.

No evaluations are made as part of a standard home inspection regarding heating, ventilation, or air conditioning system design, system, adequacy, compliance with current energy standards or costs, and other factors that may be associated with the need to or desire to repair, replace, or upgrade any equipment. If new equipment is required or desired, now or in the future, in addition to costs associated with the purchase and installation of the equipment itself, there may be additional expenses related to structural alteration or air handler and distribution system replacement or alterations. 

All plumbing faucets and valves, including those at sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers and laundry areas, will require periodic maintenance as washers, gaskets and other components dry out or become worn over time. The potential for leakage related to these components should be anticipated, particularly in older homes that are vacant for extended periods or that otherwise are not used regularly. Related repair needs are considered part of routine maintenance program.

Modern water-supply valves designed for use in showers generally have controls that sense the hot and cold water pressures and/or the water-supply temperature to determine if the water flow is likely above a safe level. Verification of the presence of anti-scald valves or determination of whether these devices meet design criteria and operate safely are not within the scope of a standard home inspection. If anti-scald protection is not present, caution should be used whenever bathing or showering. Temperature settings at the water heater or supply system should be maintained at the manufacturer's recommended level. Consideration should be given to upgrading to supply anti-scald protection if not currently installed via showerheads, bath spigots or mixing valves.

Confirm and label gas and water shut-off valve locations. Provide full access at all times in case of emergency or servicing.

A standard home inspection does not include the verification of presence or correct operation of any sewer and/or drainage anti-backup mechanism or system as these components are normally not readily visible. No inspection was possible or performed.

Evaluation of the plumbing system was limited to permanently connected fixtures and readily visible pipe conditions. The function and effectiveness of laundry standpipes, vent pipes, floor drains, fixture overflows, anti-siphon devices and similar items generally cannot be evaluated. Conditions are subject to unpredictable change, e.g., leaks may develop, water flow may drop, drains may become blocked, etc. The detection of sewer gases and the condition/function of sub-slab or in-ground piping is excluded from a standard inspection. In-ground piping is subject to blockage/collapse.

Dryer vents should be ducted directly to the exterior to prevent moisture-related conditions and potential fire concerns due to lint buildup. Plastic flex duct is generally considered unacceptable. Advise the use of metal ducts and regular cleaning of all ducts.

Neither the laundry equipment, the utility hook-ups (water, electric and gas), nor venting and waste lines for any particular appliance are evaluated as part of a standard inspection. Personal concerns related to any laundry equipment or hook-up needs of new equipment should be assessed by a qualified tradesman. If operated, no determination of cleaning and/or drying adequacy is made, unless specifically noted.

The adequacy of the domestic hot water supply or temperatures was not determined. Evaluations are limited to assessment of visual conditions and confirmation of heated water flow to the fixtures. Newer tanks should be drained periodically, but many old tanks are best left alone.

All venting systems must be maintained to ensure an adequate draft. Any indication of a potential concern requires immediate attention as health/safety hazards may exist, including the introduction of carbon monoxide into the house air.

All standard water heaters require temperature-pressure relief valves (TPRV). These units are not operated during a standard home inspection but should be checked regularly for proper operation.